Compare and contrast any two examples of opposition to colonial rule in East and Central Africa between 1885 and 1914.
Question Demands
The various kinds of opposition to colonial rule should form the basis of this answer, requiring some definition/overview of terms:
violent/non-violent post-pacification resistance movements; secondary resistance; religious protest.
The two examples need not be from different regions. Responses could use the events of a resistance movement, or personalities involved in it, to address ‘compare’ and ‘contrast.’
On the other hand, they could identify points of comparison by type, for example a primary and a secondary post-pacification revolt.
General types of resistance movements:
• Violent post-pacification primary resistance movements e.g. the Hehe rebellion of the 1890s, the Chi Murenga of the Ndebele-Shona 1896–7; the Maji-Maji Rising 1905–7; the Giriama Rising in British East Africa 1914–15.
• Non-violent post-pacification primary resistance movements – one example of this type is the Kyanyangire revolt in Bunyoro, Western Uganda in 1907, but there is also the mass migration type of resistance.
• Secondary resistance movements – for example John Chilembwe’s rebellion in Malawi in 1915 (with its origins within the period of this paper).
• Forms of religious protest were seen in the rise of the Independent African Church Movement as a protest against the reluctance of European Christian missions to share control and leadership with Africans.
There is overlap here with other types of resistance – e.g. John Chilembwe’s movement, and the Christian missions providing the education which led to secondary resistance movements.
Courtsey of Cambridge International.
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